Table 1 Correlation analysis between judgment results of the included second-instance and retrial cases and the related factors
Variables | Total | Constituent ratio | Medical side wins (N (%)) | Medical side loses (N (%)) | χ2 | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Appeal originator | 631.944 | < 0.001 | ||||
 Medical side | 1075 | 33.89% | 23 (3.79) | 1052 (41.01) |  |  |
 Both parties | 572 | 18.03% | 14 (2.31) | 558 (21.75) |  |  |
 Patient side | 1524 | 48.05% | 570 (93.90) | 955 (37.23) |  |  |
 Medical insurance company | 1 | 0.03% |  |  |  |  |
 Total | 3172 |  | 607 | 2565 |  |  |
Level of the trial court | 2.345 | 0.126 | ||||
 Intermediate court | 3138 | 98.93% | 597 (98.35) | 2541 (99.06) |  |  |
 Superior court | 34 | 1.07% | 10 (1.65) | 24 (0.94) |  |  |
 Total | 3172 |  | 607 | 2565 |  |  |
Procurement of attorney | 76.769 | < 0.001 | ||||
 Without entrusted | 222 | 7.00% | 69 (11.37) | 153 (5.96) |  |  |
 Entrusted by the medical side | 690 | 21.75% | 186 (30.64) | 504 (19.65) |  |  |
 Entrusted by the patient side | 293 | 9.24% | 66 (10.87) | 227 (8.85) |  |  |
 Entrusted by both parties | 1967 | 62.01% | 286 (47.12) | 1681 (65.64) |  |  |
 Total | 3172 |  | 607 | 2549 |  |  |
Outcomes of second-instance and retrial cases | 136.142 | < 0.001 | ||||
 Affirmed the original judgement | 2434 | 77.12% | 575 (94.72) | 1859 (72.48) |  |  |
 Changed the original verdict | 738 | 23.38% | 32 (5.27) | 706 (27.52) |  |  |
 Total | 3172 |  | 607 | 2565 |  |  |
Hospital category | 3.013 | 0.807 | ||||
 Township hospital | 133 | 4.19% | 24 (3.95) | 109 (4.24) |  |  |
 County and district hospital | 750 | 23.64% | 143 (23.56) | 607 (23.66) |  |  |
 Municipal hospital | 1216 | 38.34% | 218 (35.91) | 998 (38.91) |  |  |
 Private hospital and infirmary | 455 | 14.34% | 94 (15.49) | 361 (14.07) |  |  |
 Enterprise-owned hospital | 81 | 2.55% | 17 (2.80) | 64 (2.50) |  |  |
 Military hospital | 77 | 2.43% | 15 (2.47) | 62 (2.43) |  |  |
 Provincial hospital | 460 | 14.50% | 96 (15.82) | 364 (14.19) |  |  |
 Total | 3172 |  | 607 | 2565 |  |  |
Number of defendants | 6.293 | 0.043 | ||||
 One medical institution | 2786 | 87.83% | 544 (89.62) | 2242 (87.41) |  |  |
 Two medical institutions | 313 | 9.87% | 45 (7.41) | 268 (10.45) |  |  |
 Three medical institutions | 73 | 2.30% | 18 (2.97) | 55 (2.14) |  |  |
 Total | 3172 |  | 607 | 2565 |  |  |
Departments in dispute | 58.160 | < 0.001 | ||||
 Outpatient and emergency | 160 | 5.04% | 36 (5.93) | 124 (4.83) |  |  |
 Pediatrics | 116 | 3.66% | 22 (3.62) | 94 (3.66) |  |  |
 Obstetrics and gynecology | 528 | 16.65% | 61 (10.05) | 467 (18.21) |  |  |
 Intensive care unit | 28 | 0.88% | 6 (0.99) | 22 (0.86) |  |  |
 Internal medicine | 515 | 16.24% | 104 (17.13) | 411 (16.02) |  |  |
 Surgery | 1213 | 38.24% | 205 (33.77) | 1008 (39.30) |  |  |
 Other departments | 612 | 19.29% | 173 (28.50) | 439 (17.12) |  |  |
 Total | 3172 |  | 607 | 2565 |  |  |
Judicial identification status and proportion of responsibilities | 1313.540 | < 0.001 | ||||
 No identification | 669 | 21.09% | 362 (59.64) | 307 (11.97) |  |  |
 No responsibility | 293 | 9.24% | 189 (31.14) | 104 (4.05) |  |  |
 Minor responsibility | 393 | 12.39% | 9 (1.48) | 384 (14.97) |  |  |
 Secondary responsibility | 745 | 23.49% | 28 (4.61) | 717 (27.95) |  |  |
 Equal responsibility | 346 | 10.91% | 6 (0.99) | 340 (13.25) |  |  |
 Main responsibility | 651 | 20.52% | 13 (2.14) | 638 (24.87) |  |  |
 Full responsibility | 75 | 2.36% | 0 (0.00) | 75 (2.92) |  |  |
 Total | 3172 |  | 607 | 2565 |  |  |
Adoption of appraisal opinions | 696.165 | < 0.001 | ||||
 Fully adopted | 2155 | 86.10% | 223 (91.02) | 1932 (85.56) |  |  |
 Partially adopted and aggravation | 238 | 9.51% | 2 (0.82) | 236 (10.45) |  |  |
 Partially adopted and alleviation | 54 | 2.16% | 4 (1.63) | 50 (2.21) |  |  |
 Completely rejected | 56 | 2.24% | 16 (6.53) | 40 (1.77) |  |  |
 Total | 2503 |  | 245 | 2258 |  |  |
Location of judicial identification | 48.429 | < 0.001 | ||||
 Appraisal institutions in the province | 1817 | 72.59% | 224 (91.43) | 1593 (70.55) |  |  |
 Appraisal institutions outside the province | 686 | 27.41% | 21 (8.57) | 665 (29.45) |  |  |
 Total | 2503 |  | 245 | 2258 |  |  |
Re-identification status | 3.729 | 0.513 | ||||
 No re-identification | 2285 | 91.29% | 303 (89.91) | 1982 (91.51) |  |  |
 Illegal identification procedures | 11 | 0.44% | 1 (0.30) | 10 (0.46) |  |  |
 Insufficiency of evidence | 33 | 1.32% | 7 (2.07) | 26 (1.20) |  |  |
 Testimony others | 169 | 6.75% | 26 (7.72) | 143 (6.60) |  |  |
 Lack of accreditation | 5 | 0.20% | 0 | 5 (0.23) |  |  |
 Total | 2503 |  | 337 | 2166 |  |  |
Comparison of re-identification and initial judicial identification | 11.368 | 0.010 | ||||
 Consistency | 99 | 45.41% | 22 (68.75) | 77 (41.40) |  |  |
 Inconsistency | 119 | 54.59% | 10 (31.25) | 109 (58.60) |  |  |
 Total | 218 |  | 32 | 186 |  |  |
Appraiser appearance in court | 64.692 | < 0.001* | ||||
 Appraisers do not appear in court | 2224 | 88.85% | 371 (90.49) | 1853 (88.53) |  |  |
 Appear in court and the results are in agreements | 252 | 10.07% | 26 (6.34) | 216 (10.32) |  |  |
 Appear in court and the results are aggravated | 19 | 0.76% | 0 (0.00) | 19 (0.91) |  |  |
 Appear in court and the results are alleviated | 8 | 0.32% | 3 (0.73) | 5 (0.24) |  |  |
 Total | 2503 |  | 410 | 2093 |  |  |
Amount of compensation (CNY) | 2184.060 | < 0.001 | ||||
 No compensation | 687 | 21.66% | 554 (91.27) | 133 (5.19) |  |  |
 0–100 000 | 958 | 30.20% | 16 (2.64) | 942 (36.73) |  |  |
 100 000–500 000 | 1299 | 40.95% | 11 (1.81) | 1288 (50.21) |  |  |
 500 000–1 000 000 | 158 | 4.98% | 4 (0.66) | 154 (6.00) |  |  |
 More than 1 000 000 | 70 | 2.21% | 22 (3.62) | 48 (1.87) |  |  |
 Total | 3172 |  | 607 | 2565 |  |  |
Mental damage compensation (CNY) | 1227.876 | < 0.001* | ||||
 No compensation | 1115 | 35.15% | 584 (96.21) | 531 (20.70) |  |  |
 0–20 000 | 1238 | 39.03% | 11 (1.81) | 1227 (47.84) |  |  |
 20 000–50 000 | 687 | 21.66% | 11 (1.81) | 676 (26.35) |  |  |
50 000–100 000 | 130 | 4.10% | 1 (0.16) | 129 (5.03) |  |  |
 More than 100 000 | 2 | 0.06% | 0 (0.00) | 2 (0.07) |  |  |
 Total | 3172 |  | 607 | 2565 |  |  |
Informed consent notification | 42.816 | < 0.001 | ||||
 Not violated | 2796 | 88.15% | 591 (97.36) | 2205 (85.96) |  |  |
 Violated | 376 | 11.85% | 16 (2.64) | 360 (14.04) |  |  |
 Total | 3172 |  | 607 | 2565 |  |  |
Medical records | 57.402 | < 0.001 | ||||
 Standard | 2806 | 88.46% | 590 (97.20) | 2216 (86.39) |  |  |
 Non-standard | 366 | 11.54% | 17 (2.80) | 349 (13.61) |  |  |
 Total | 3172 |  | 607 | 2565 |  |  |
Violations of medical treatment and nursing routines | 740.597 | < 0.001 | ||||
 Not violated | 1134 | 35.75% | 505 (83.20) | 629 (24.52) |  |  |
 Violated | 2038 | 64.25% | 102 (16.80) | 1936 (75.48) |  |  |
 Total | 3172 |  | 607 | 2565 |  |  |