Table 2 Characteristics of included individuals and settings
A: Characteristics of included individuals | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Category | Sub-category | Number of studies | Number of participants | Percentage of sub-category participants (%) | |
Total | N/A | 2 249 | 1 149 073 | N/A | |
Gender | Total | 1 099 | 739 127 | 100.0 | |
Female | 1 099 | 468 966 | 63.4 | ||
Male | 1 099 | 270 161 | 36.6 | ||
Learner or faculty | Total | N/A | 1 149 073 | 100.0 | |
Learners | 2 062 | 1 109 818 | 96.6 | ||
Faculty | 252 | 22 204 | 1.9 | ||
Mixed populations of learners and faculty | 49 | 12 544 | 1.1 | ||
Program directors (representing entire institutions) | 45 | 4 507 | 0.4 | ||
Training stage of learner | Total separate data on training stage | N/A | 931 008 | 100.0 | |
Undergraduates | 1186 | 757 618 | 81.4 | ||
Postgraduates | 645 | 121 475 | 13.0 | ||
CPD | 176 | 51 915 | 5.6 | ||
Year of studies (for undergraduates only) | Total | N/A | 67 065 | 100.0 | |
1st | 146 | 23 036 | 34.3 | ||
2nd | 91 | 8 673 | 12.9 | ||
3rd | 110 | 10 808 | 16.1 | ||
4th | 122 | 14 671 | 21.9 | ||
5th | 48 | 5 003 | 7.5 | ||
6th | 27 | 4 775 | 7.1 | ||
7th | 2 | 99 | 0.1 | ||
Training stage of faculty/teacher | Total separate data on training stage | N/A | 15 855 | 100.0 | |
Undergraduate | 14 | 1 187 | 7.5 | ||
Postgraduate | 19 | 2 431 | 15.3 | ||
Continuing | 145 | 12 237 | 77.2 | ||
Occupational group as per ISCO-08 | Total | N/A | 984 407 | 100.0 | |
Medical doctors | 1 505 | 851 961 | 86.5 | ||
Nursing professionals | 264 | 54 999 | 5.6 | ||
Midwifery professionals | 5 | 284 | 0.0 | ||
Traditional and complementary medicine professionals | 1 | 733 | 0.1 | ||
Paramedical practitioners | 8 | 559 | 0.1 | ||
Dentists | 169 | 56 823 | 5.8 | ||
Pharmacists | 73 | 12 314 | 1.3 | ||
Environmental and occupational health and hygiene professionals | 2 | 390 | 0.0 | ||
Physiotherapists | 19 | 3 634 | 0.4 | ||
Dieticians and nutritionists | 2 | 581 | 0.1 | ||
Audiologists and speech therapists | 4 | 874 | 0.1 | ||
Optometrists and ophthalmic opticians | 3 | 1 255 | 0.1 | ||
Medical doctor or different occupational group | Total | N/A | 984 407 | 100.0 | |
Medical doctors | 1 505 | 851 961 | 86.5 | ||
Other health professionals | N/A | 132 446 | 13.5 | ||
B. Characteristics of included settings | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Category | Sub-category | Number of studies | Percentage of sub-category studies (%) | Number of participants | Percentage of sub-category participants (%) |
Study design | Total | 2 249 | 100.0 | 1 149 073 | 100.0 |
Randomized trials | 37 | 1.6 | 2 660 | 0.2 | |
Cross-sectional studies | 2 079 | 92.4 | 1 118 355 | 97.3 | |
Case–control | 25 | 1.1 | 3 848 | 0.3 | |
Retrospective cohorts | 79 | 3.5 | 20 471 | 1.8 | |
Prospective cohorts | 29 | 1.3 | 3 739 | 0.3 | |
Continent | Total | 2 244 | 100.0 | 1 148 118 | 100.0 |
North America | 698 | 31.1 | 142 111 | 12.4 | |
South America | 59 | 2.6 | 31 015 | 2.7 | |
Europe | 475 | 21.2 | 167 756 | 14.6 | |
Asia | 790 | 35.2 | 687 320 | 59.9 | |
Africa | 65 | 2.9 | 27 495 | 2.4 | |
Oceania | 51 | 2.3 | 8 339 | 0.7 | |
2 or more continents | 106 | 4.7 | 84 082 | 7.3 | |
WHO region | Total | 2 244 | 100.0 | 1 148 118 | 100.0 |
Region of the Americas | 756 | 33.7 | 173 061 | 15.1 | |
European Region | 548 | 24.4 | 214 159 | 18.7 | |
African Region | 47 | 2.1 | 11 090 | 1.0 | |
Eastern Mediterranean Region | 274 | 12.2 | 113 546 | 9.9 | |
South-East Asian Region | 259 | 11.5 | 97 951 | 8.5 | |
Western Pacific Region | 255 | 11.4 | 467 230 | 40.7 | |
2 or more WHO regions | 105 | 4.7 | 71 081 | 6.2 | |
Study setting | Total | 2 150 | 100.0 | 1 100 061 | 100.0 |
University/college | 977 | 45.5 | 757 315 | 68.8 | |
WHO health care provider (hospital, medical office, etc.) | 1063 | 49.4 | 248 798 | 22.6 | |
University/college and WHO health care provider | 110 | 5.1 | 93 948 | 8.5 | |
WHO health care provider | Total | 1 161 | 100.0 | 337 141 | 100.0 |
General hospitals | 1 126 | 96.9 | 331 523 | 98.3 | |
Mental health hospitals | 9 | 0.8 | 1 444 | 0.4 | |
Specialized hospitals | 12 | 1.0 | 1 781 | 0.5 | |
Long-term nursing care facilities | 2 | 0.2 | 73 | 0.0 | |
Dental practice | 9 | 0.8 | 2 199 | 0.7 | |
Other healthcare practitioners | 1 | 0.1 | 17 | 0.0 | |
Pharmacies | 2 | 0.2 | 104 | 0.0 | |
Type of hospital | Total | 741 | 100.0 | 158 556 | 100.0 |
Academic teaching | 718 | 96.9 | 154 217 | 97.3 | |
Community Teaching | 17 | 2.3 | 3 466 | 2.2 | |
Non-teaching | 6 | 0.8 | 873 | 0.6 | |