Table 5 Predictors of anxiety and depression
Variable | Anxiety | Depression | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HCWs (n = 507) | NHCWs (n = 899) | HCWs | NHCWs | |||||
aORa (95% CI) | p-value | aORa (95% CI) | p-value | aORa (95% CI) | p-value | aORa (95% CI) | p-value | |
Gender | ||||||||
 Female | 2.34 (1.37–3.99) | 0.002 | 1.62 (1.12–2.35) | 0.010 | 1.53 (0.90–2.58) | 0.115 | 1.41 (0.98–2.02) | 0.065 |
 Male | Reference |  | Reference |  | Reference |  | Reference |  |
Age | ||||||||
 18–24 years | 3.52 (1.19–10.42) | 0.023 | 2.53 (1.51–4.23) | < 0.001 | 1.00 (0.37–2.71) | 1.000 | 1.38 (0.84–2.27) | 0.209 |
 25–34 years | 3.44 (1.30–9.09) | 0.013 | 2.84 (1.75–4.62) | < 0.001 | 1.72 (0.72–4.11) | 0.219 | 1.26 (0.79–2.01) | 0.325 |
 35–44 years | 4.68 (1.63–13.47) | 0.004 | 2.21 (1.31–3.70) | 0.003 | 1.01 (0.39–2.64) | 0.978 | 1.66 (1.00–2.76) | 0.050 |
 45 years or above | Reference |  | Reference |  | Reference |  | Reference |  |
Household incomes | ||||||||
 ≤ PKR 60,000 | 1.30 (0.62–2.71) | 0.491 | 1.61 (1.06–2.43) | 0.024 | 1.12 (0.54–2.32) | 0.762 | 1.58 (1.06–2.36) | 0.026 |
 PKR 60,001–PKR 120,000 | 1.35 (0.64–2.84) | 0.430 | 2.22 (1.42–3.48) | < 0.001 | 1.25 (0.61–2.57) | 0.548 | 2.29 (1.48–3.54) | < 0.001 |
 > PKR 120,000 | Reference |  | Reference |  | Reference |  | Reference |  |
Presence of COVID-19 related symptoms | ||||||||
 Yes | 2.09 (1.01–4.32) | 0.046 | 1.98 (1.34–2.94) | 0.001 | 2.72 (1.34–5.55) | 0.006 | 1.41 (0.96–2.06) | 0.077 |
 No | Reference |  | Reference |  | Reference |  | Reference |  |