Table 2 Characteristics of visa trainees who did and did not leave Canada following training,
From: Retention of visa-trainee post-graduate residents in Canada: a retrospective cohort study
Full sample (n = 1913) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
Left Canada (n = 1606) n (%) | Stayed In Canada (n = 307) n (%) | P value | |
Gender | 0.246 | ||
Male | 1162 (72.4%) | 232 (75.6%) | |
Female | 444 (27.6%) | 75 (24.4%) | |
Legal status at PGME exit | <0.001 | ||
CCPR | 146 (9.1%) | 136 (44.3%) | |
Visa trainee | 1460 (90.9%) | 171 (55.7%) | |
MD Country | <0.001 | ||
Canada | 67 (4.2%) | 29 (9.4%) | |
Western | 241 (15.0%) | 24 (7.8%) | |
Eastern Europe | 17 (1.1%) | 5 (1.6%) | |
South America & Caribbean | 36 (2.2%) | 20 (6.5%) | |
Asia | 69 (4.3%) | 28 (9.1%) | |
Africa | 13 (0.8%) | 7 (2.3%) | |
Middle East & North Africa | 1160 (72.2%) | 190 (61.9%) | |
South Africa | 3 (0.2%) | 4 (1.3%) | |
Continuous training | < 0.001 | ||
Yes—no absence | 1561 (97.2%) | 283 (92.2%) | |
No—1 + year absence | 45 (2.8%) | 24 (7.8%) | |
Program at PGME Exit | < 0.006 | ||
Family Medicine | 49 (3.1%) | 18 (5.9%) | |
Medical Clinical Speciality | 961 (59.8%) | 201 (65.5%) | |
Lab Clinical Specialty | 79 (4.9%) | 13 (4.2%) | |
Surgical Specialty | 517 (32.2%) | 75 (24.4%) | |
Funding—All years | < 0.001 | ||
All Years Canadian Sources | 304 (18.9%) | 127 (41.4%) | |
All Years Foreign Sources | 1226 (76.3%) | 127 (41.4%) | |
All Years Mixed | 76 (4.7%) | 53 (17.3%) | |
Did fellowship | < 0.001 | ||
No | 854 (53.2%) | 114 (37.1%) | |
Yes—after residency | 634 (39.5%) | 118 (38.4%) | |
Yes—before residency | 118 (7.3%) | 75 (24.4%) | |
Region of PGME Exit | < 0.001 | ||
BC | 122 (7.6%) | 15 (4.9%) | |
Prairie (AB, SK, MB) | 279 (17.4%) | 72 (23.5%) | |
ON | 617 (38.4%) | 161 (52.4%) | |
QC | 528 (32.9%) | 47 (15.3%) | |
Atlantic (NS, NL) | 60 (3.7%) | 12 (3.9%) | |
Year PGME Exit | < 0.001 | ||
2006 | 91 (5.7%) | 11 (3.6%) | |
2007 | 146 (9.1%) | 18 (5.9%) | |
2008 | 177 (11.0%) | 13 (4.2%) | |
2009 | 172 (10.7%) | 30 (9.8%) | |
2010 | 189 (11.8%) | 12 (3.9%) | |
2011 | 171 (10.6%) | 22 (7.2%) | |
2012 | 140 (8.7%) | 36 (11.7%) | |
2013 | 137 (8.5%) | 33 (10.7%) | |
2014 | 139 (8.7%) | 37 (12.1%) | |
2015 | 127 (7.9%) | 38 (12.4%) | |
2016 | 117 (7.3%) | 57 (18.6%) | |
Mean (sd) | Mean (sd) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
Years in Canada after PGME Age at PGME exit Number of years in training | 0.79 (1.86) 34.92 (3.74) 5.17 (2.10) | 4.66 (3.02) 37.33 (5.01) 6.15 (2.14) | < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 |